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Old 05-10-2009, 08:20 AM
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Default Tutorial - Plant Propagation by Layering

Some times as MJ cultivators we forget the techniques we use are not unique to MJ cultivation. Layering is one example of a common gardening technique do use and could perhaps use more extensively. Here is an overview of the technique I though was particularly good.
source Plant Propagation by Layering: Instructions for the Home Gardener

Plant Propagation by Layering: Instructions for the Home Gardener 1/99 HIL-8701
Erv Evans, Extension Associate
Frank A. Blazich, Professor
Department of Horticultural Science


Stems that are still attached to their parent plant may form roots where they come in contact with a rooting medium. This method of vegetative propagation is generally successful, because water stress is minimized and carbohydrate and mineral nutrient levels are high. The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. A layer is the rooted stem following detachment (removal) from the parent plant.
Some plants propagate naturally by layering, but sometimes plant propagators assist the process. Layering is enhanced by wounding the stem where the roots are to form. The rooting medium should always provide aeration and a constant supply of moisture.
Types of Layering
Simple layering can be accomplished by bending a low growing, flexible stem to the ground. Cover part of it with soil, leaving the remaining 6 to 12 inches above the soil. Bend the tip into a vertical position and stake in place (Figure 1). The sharp bend will often induce rooting, but wounding the lower side of the bent branch may help also. Simple layering can be done on most plants with low-growing branches. Examples of plants propagated by simple layering include climbing roses, forsythia, rhododendron, honeysuckle, boxwood, azalea, and wax myrtle.
Figure 1.
Simple layering can be done in early spring using a dormant branch, or in late summer using a mature branch. Periodically check for adequate moisture and for the formation of roots. It may take one or more seasons before the layer is ready to be removed for transplanting.
Tip layering is quite similar to simple layering. Dig a hole 3 to 4 inches deep. Insert the tip of a current season’s shoot and cover it with soil. The tip grows downward first, then bends sharply and grows upward. Roots form at the bend. The re-curved tip becomes a new plant (Figure 2). Remove the tip layer and plant it in late fall or early spring. Examples of plants propagated by tip layering include purple and black raspberries, and trailing blackberries.
Figure 2.
Compound (serpentine) layering is similar to simple layering, but several layers can result from a single stem. Bend the stem to the rooting medium as for simple layering, but alternately cover and expose sections of the stem. Each section should have at least one bud exposed and one bud covered with soil. Wound the lower side of each stem section to be covered (Figure 3). This method works well for plants producing vine-like growth such as heart-leaf philodendron, pothos, wisteria, clematis, and grapes.
Figure 3.
Mound (stool) layering is useful with heavy-stemmed, closely branched shrubs and rootstocks of tree fruits. Cut the plant back to 1 inch above the soil surface in the dormant season. Dormant buds will produce new shoots in the spring. Mound soil over the new shoots as they grow (Figure 4). Roots will develop at the bases of the young shoots. Remove the layers in the dormant season. Mound layering works well on apple rootstocks, spirea, quince, daphne, magnolia, and cotoneaster.
Figure 4.
Air layering can be used to propagate large, overgrown house plants such as rubber plant, croton, or dieffenbachia that have lost most of their lower leaves. Woody ornamentals such as azalea, camellia, magnolia, oleander, and holly can also be propagated by air layering. For optimum rooting, make air layers in the spring on shoots produced during the previous season or in mid to late summer on shoots from the current season’s growth. For woody plants, stems of pencil size diameter or larger are best. Choose an area just below a node and remove leaves and twigs on the stem 3 to 4 inches above and below this point. This is normally done on a stem about 1 foot from the tip.
Air layering differs, depending on whether the plant is a monocot or a dicot. For monocots, make an upward 1- to 1 1/2-inch cut about one-third through the stem. The cut is held open with a toothpick or wooden match stick. Surround the wound with moist, unmilled sphagnum moss (about a handful) that has been soaked in water and squeezed to remove excess moisture. Wrap the moss with plastic and hold in place with twist ties or electrician’s tape. No moss should extend beyond the ends of the plastic. Fasten each end of the plastic securely, to retain moisture and to prevent water from entering. If exposed to the sun, the plastic should be covered. Aluminum foil can also be used, as it does not require twist ties or tape to hold it in place.
The process for dicots is similar, except a 1-inch ring of bark is removed from the stem. With a sharp knife, make two parallel cuts about an inch apart around the stem and through the bark and cambium layer (Figure 5). Connect the two parallel cuts with one long cut. Remove the ring of bark, leaving the inner woody tissue exposed. Scrape the newly bared ring to remove the cambial tissue to prevent a bridge of callus tissue from forming. Application of a root-promoting substance to the exposed wound is sometimes beneficial. Wrap and cover using the same procedure as that described for monocots.
Figure 5.
After the rooting medium is filled with roots, sever the stem below the medium and pot the layer. The new plant will usually require some pampering until the root system becomes more developed. Provide shade and adequate moisture until the plant is well established.
Natural Forms of Layering
Sometimes layering occurs naturally, without the assistance of a propagator. Runners and offsets are specialized plant structures that facilitate propagation by layering.
A runner produces new shoots where it touches the growing medium (Figure 6). Plants that produce stolons or runners are propagated by severing the new plants from their parent stems. Plantlets at the tips of runners may be rooted while still attached to the parent or detached and placed in a rooting medium. Examples include strawberry and spider plant.
Figure 6.
Plants with rosetted stems often reproduce by forming new shoots, called offshoots, at their base or in the leaf axles. Sever the new shoots from the parent plant after they have developed their own root systems. Unrooted offsets of some species may be removed and placed in a rooting medium. Some of these must be cut off, whereas others may simply be lifted from the parent stem. Examples include date palm, bromeliads, and many cacti.
For Further Reading
  • Bryant, G. 1995. Propagation Handbook. Stackpole Books: Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania.
  • Dirr, M. A. and C. W. Heuser, Jr. 1987. The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation: From Seed to Tissue Culture. Varsity Press: Athens, Georgia.
  • Hartmann, H. T., D. E. Kester, F. T. Davies and R. L. Geneve. 1996. Plant Propagation, Principles and Practices. 6th ed. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
  • McMillan Browse, P. D. A. 1978. Plant Propagation. Simon and Schuster: New York.
  • Toogood, A. 1993. Plant Propagation Made Easy. Timber Press: Portland, Oregon.
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good luck! - Scott
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Old 05-10-2009, 03:25 PM
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I learned about these techniques from books on bonsai trees, and was always curious to find out if you could do this with mj.
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Old 05-10-2009, 03:28 PM
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scott ive never heard of this used with cannabis, and i dont really see the point in it? besides maybe becoming a way to clone for outdoor growers.
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Old 05-10-2009, 04:43 PM
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Originally Posted by Mr.Moonbiscuit View Post
scott ive never heard of this used with cannabis, and i dont really see the point in it? besides maybe becoming a way to clone for outdoor growers.

I tend to agree...but I posted this info in a thread on a problem with seedling stretch...building a mound up to the leaves....and some wondered if it was ok....I noted that is was just one of the many layering techniques most gardeners use all the time...and some one asked me to post it separately so the info didn't get lost. I agreed that it is good basic knowledge and applicable to mj. You could use it to clone indoor as well

Is this too much stretching, should I pull it? see this thread
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Old 05-10-2009, 05:51 PM
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i can see how that would be helpful, lol can you imagine a snake train of ganja useing the serpantine layering?
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Old 05-10-2009, 06:27 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by scott06 View Post
I tend to agree...but I posted this info in a thread on a problem with seedling stretch...building a mound up to the leaves....and some wondered if it was ok....I noted that is was just one of the many layering techniques most gardeners use all the time...and some one asked me to post it separately so the info didn't get lost. I agreed that it is good basic knowledge and applicable to mj. You could use it to clone indoor as well

Is this too much stretching, should I pull it? see this thread
Scott06, not sure if you saw my response in the streeeeetch thread.

Here are some pictures I snapped as I put this idea in to motion.

We'll see what happens !
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Old 05-10-2009, 06:38 PM
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wow kool. thanks for such a good post scott even if its quoted from some where else... your the man!
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Old 05-10-2009, 07:00 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Richard Owl Mirror View Post
Scott06, not sure if you saw my response in the streeeeetch thread.

Here are some pictures I snapped as I put this idea in to motion.

We'll see what happens !

Yes I did!
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Old 05-10-2009, 07:53 PM
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Some types are harder to clone. Using this, in an arial form, would make sure, before it was seperated from the mother plant, that it could survive. Just an added tool to put in your "growing kit".

Great info, please others add to this if it is relevant.

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Old 05-11-2009, 03:40 AM
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i was gonna try this with a plant last season but never actually got around to it.
but theoretically you can do this with any plant. its just another method of cloning..
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Old 06-14-2009, 10:02 PM
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Thanks Scott,from a personal point of view,this could prove to be one of the most important posts I've seen! You see I've been struggling to clone my plants for over a month now with absolutely no luck at all.The clones all die off in about one to one and a half weeks.So far I've lost over 20 and I don't have a clue why.You may just have saved my sanity.Many many thanks again,Tumnus.
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Old 06-30-2009, 06:10 PM
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Default Plant Propagation

Knowing more about plant propagation is never a bad thing. There's this kind of thing, cloning, and tissue culture (which makes cloning look like child's play). I usually just clone, I've got a secret weapon.

Mr Tumnus - I'll let you in on my secret to cloning. It's that new stuff from Advanced Nutrients, Juicy Roots. I'll admit I could clone decently well before but I still lost some cuttings here and there. But since I started using it for cloning my propagation success has been 100% - every single cutting has grown into a healthy plant.

I'd say it's worth checking out at least. If it helps you as much as it's helped me it could be the end of your plant propagation woes.
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Old 07-01-2009, 04:50 AM
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Thumbs up my girlfriends dad did that! it works

if you bend a plant slowly over time and train it back towards the ground, cut the top. apply rooting hormone. stake and cover with dirt. the plant will root in two places. middle section grows like crazy. looked to me like the plant loved it.

never thought to cut it away from its original root mass and replant though... that is an intresting idea.
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